If your old dog has started showing unusual changes like increased thirst, a pot-bellied appearance, or hair loss, you may be dealing with Cushing’s disease.
This is a common hormonal condition in senior dogs and can affect many parts of the body over time.
Old Dog Cushing’s Disease: Why It Happens
Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism) occurs when the body produces too much cortisol, a hormone involved in stress response, metabolism, and immune function. In older dogs, this is usually caused by a benign tumor in the pituitary gland or, less commonly, the adrenal glands.
Excess cortisol gradually affects multiple body systems, leading to a wide range of symptoms that often develop slowly and may be mistaken for normal aging at first.
Old Dog Cushing’s Disease: Symptoms
If your old dog has Cushing’s disease, you may notice a combination of the following:
Increased thirst and excessive drinking
Frequent urination or accidents in the house
Increased appetite (often ravenous hunger)
Pot-bellied or bloated appearance
Thinning skin
Hair loss, especially along the body
Muscle weakness or loss of muscle mass
Panting more than usual
Lethargy or reduced activity
Recurrent skin infections
Slow healing of wounds
Old Dog Cushing’s Disease: Common Causes
Pituitary Tumor
The most common cause of Cushing’s disease in dogs is a tumor in the pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland controls hormone production, including signals that regulate cortisol release.
When a tumor develops, it can cause the gland to overproduce signals that tell the adrenal glands to make more cortisol than needed.
This leads to a chronic elevation of cortisol levels, which gradually affects metabolism, muscle tone, skin health, and organ function. This form of Cushing’s disease tends to develop slowly and is the most frequently diagnosed type in older dogs.
Related: Old Dog Neurological Problems (Signs to watch out for)
Adrenal Gland Tumor
Less commonly, Cushing’s disease is caused by a tumor in one of the adrenal glands.
In this case, the tumor directly produces excess cortisol without relying on signals from the pituitary gland. This results in similar symptoms but may require a different treatment approach.
Adrenal tumors can be benign or malignant, and identifying the exact cause is important for determining the best management plan.
Long-Term Steroid Use
Cushing’s-like symptoms can also develop from prolonged use of steroid medications.
Steroids are often prescribed for inflammation, allergies, or autoimmune conditions. However, when used over a long period, they can mimic the effects of excess cortisol in the body.
This type of Cushing’s is known as iatrogenic Cushing’s disease and may improve if the medication is adjusted under veterinary guidance.
Read more: Old Dog Syndrome (Signs causes and treatment)
What to Do If You Notice These Symptoms
If your old dog shows signs of Cushing’s disease, start by tracking the symptoms. Note changes in drinking, urination, appetite, and physical appearance.
Avoid making sudden changes to diet or medications without consulting your veterinarian.
Ensure your dog has constant access to fresh water, as increased thirst is a major symptom.
Keep your dog comfortable and monitor for any worsening signs, such as weakness or skin issues.
Early evaluation is key, as symptoms often progress gradually.
When to Call or Visit Your Vet
If your old dog shows multiple symptoms of Cushing’s disease, a veterinary visit is essential.
Increased thirst and urination, especially when combined with appetite changes, should be evaluated.
Visible changes like hair loss, pot-bellied appearance, or thinning skin are strong indicators.
If your dog becomes weak, lethargic, or develops infections, prompt care is important.
Cushing’s disease is manageable, but early diagnosis improves outcomes significantly.
Old Dog Cushing’s Disease: Treatment
Your veterinarian may perform diagnostic tests such as blood work, urine tests, and specific hormone testing to confirm Cushing’s disease.
Treatment depends on the cause and may include medications to regulate cortisol production.
In some cases, especially with adrenal tumors, surgery may be considered.
Regular monitoring is essential to ensure treatment is effective and adjusted as needed.
With proper management, many dogs with Cushing’s disease can maintain a good quality of life.
Key Takeaway
Old dog Cushing’s disease symptoms often develop slowly and can resemble normal aging—but they should not be ignored.
Increased thirst, appetite changes, and physical changes are key warning signs.
With early diagnosis and proper treatment, Cushing’s disease can be managed, helping your dog stay comfortable and healthy.