Dog Not Drinking Water and Not Eating: Causes and What to Do

1. Illnesses and Infections

One of the most common reasons why a dog might not eat or drink is illness.

A variety of health conditions can cause a dog to lose their appetite and refuse water.

Some of the most frequent illnesses that affect a dog’s ability to eat and drink include:

• Gastrointestinal Infections: Bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections in the gastrointestinal tract can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These symptoms often make dogs feel unwell, and they may avoid food and water. Vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration, which may further discourage your dog from drinking.

• Fever: When a dog has a fever, their body may be trying to fight off an infection, which can make them lethargic and unwilling to eat or drink. Dogs often experience a lack of appetite when their body is under stress, and dehydration can quickly set in.

• Kidney Disease: Chronic kidney disease is common in older dogs and can affect their ability to eat and drink. As the kidneys lose their ability to function properly, dogs often experience symptoms such as vomiting, reduced appetite, and excessive thirst. Ironically, they may not drink enough water because their kidneys cannot properly process fluids.

• Dental Problems: Oral pain from dental disease, such as gum infections, tooth abscesses, or even broken teeth, can make it difficult for a dog to eat and drink. If your dog is not drinking water or eating dry food, check for signs of oral discomfort, such as drooling or pawing at the mouth.

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2. Change in Diet or Food Preferences

Sometimes, dogs stop eating or drinking due to changes in their diet.

Whether it’s a change in brand, flavor, or type of food, dogs can be picky eaters.

• New Food Introduction: Introducing a new food too suddenly can cause gastrointestinal upset, leading to nausea or discomfort. Dogs may associate eating or drinking with feeling unwell and, therefore, refuse food and water.

• Food Intolerance or Allergies: Some dogs develop food sensitivities or allergies, which can make them avoid certain foods. These sensitivities can also lead to digestive upset, which can result in a loss of appetite and a reluctance to drink water. If you notice signs of an allergic reaction like itching or skin rashes, consult your vet about switching to a hypoallergenic diet.

3. Stress and Anxiety

Stress is another major factor that can cause dogs to stop eating and drinking.

Changes in their environment, routine, or daily activities can be unsettling. Common causes of stress in dogs include:

• Moving to a New Home: Dogs thrive on routine, and when their environment changes suddenly, they may experience anxiety. Stress from a new home or unfamiliar surroundings can lead to a loss of appetite and a refusal to drink water.

• Separation Anxiety: If your dog is used to being around you all the time and you suddenly leave for work or go on a trip, your dog might exhibit stress behaviors like not eating, not drinking, or even becoming destructive.

• New Pets or Family Members: The introduction of a new pet or family member can also trigger anxiety in dogs. The unfamiliarity of new sounds, scents, or interactions can make them anxious, leading to a lack of interest in food and water.

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4. Pain and Discomfort

Pain from various sources can also cause a dog to stop eating and drinking.

Dogs are known for hiding pain, so it’s essential to look for signs such as limping, whining, or a change in posture.

Some common pain-related causes include:

• Arthritis or Joint Pain: Older dogs often develop arthritis, which can make moving or even eating uncomfortable. If your dog struggles to get up or seems stiff, they might avoid eating because it requires effort or discomfort. If their drinking habits are affected, they might also be avoiding bending down to drink water.

• Injury or Trauma: If your dog has been in an accident or has sustained an injury, they may refuse food or water due to the pain. Look for other signs like swelling, limping, or sensitivity to touch.

5. Medication Side Effects

Certain medications can cause a lack of appetite and an aversion to drinking water.

Medications such as antibiotics, painkillers, or chemotherapy drugs can lead to gastrointestinal upset, nausea, or dry mouth, which can reduce your dog’s desire to eat and drink.

If your dog is currently on medication, it’s a good idea to speak with your veterinarian about potential side effects and whether the medication could be affecting their eating and drinking habits.

6. Poisoning or Toxic Ingestion

Exposure to toxins is another potential cause of your dog not eating or drinking.

Common household items that may cause poisoning include:

• Chemicals and Cleaners: Many common household cleaning products, such as bleach, detergent, and disinfectants, are toxic to dogs. Accidental ingestion can lead to gastrointestinal distress, nausea, vomiting, and lethargy, causing a refusal to eat or drink.

• Plants and Foods: Some plants, such as lilies, and human foods like chocolate, grapes, and onions, are toxic to dogs. Eating these can lead to severe health problems that may cause your dog to avoid food and water.

• Medications: Just like humans, dogs can accidentally ingest medications that aren’t meant for them. Some human medications, such as painkillers, can cause stomach ulcers, internal bleeding, or organ damage, leading to a lack of appetite and thirst.

If you suspect poisoning, it’s important to seek immediate veterinary care.

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7. Dehydration and Heat Stroke

While dehydration may seem like a result of not drinking water, it can also be a major cause of a dog refusing to drink.

Dehydration can occur quickly in dogs, especially in hot weather or after intense exercise.

Heat stroke can also lead to a decrease in appetite and water intake.

Dogs with heat stroke may experience symptoms like heavy panting, drooling, or lethargy.

If you suspect your dog is suffering from heatstroke, it’s essential to cool them down with water and seek immediate veterinary attention.

What to Do When Your Dog Isn’t Eating or Drinking

If your dog refuses to eat or drink, here are some steps to follow:

• Monitor Their Behavior: Keep track of any other symptoms your dog is experiencing, such as vomiting, diarrhea, or lethargy. This information will be helpful for the veterinarian.

• Offer Water and Food in Small Amounts: Try offering water or broth in small amounts. You can also try offering a bland diet such as boiled chicken or rice.

• Consult Your Veterinarian: If your dog refuses to eat and drink for more than 24 hours, it’s important to see a veterinarian. Prolonged lack of hydration or nutrition can lead to severe health issues.

When to Seek Veterinary Help

If your dog exhibits any of the following signs, it’s time to consult a veterinarian:

• Vomiting or diarrhea

• Lethargy or weakness

• Severe weight loss or lack of interest in food for more than 24 hours

• Signs of dehydration, such as sunken eyes, dry gums, or a dry nose

• Difficulty breathing or excessive panting

• Abnormal behavior or signs of pain

Key Takeaway: Addressing Your Dog’s Loss of Appetite and Thirst

A dog not eating or drinking can be a sign of a serious health problem.

Whether it’s due to illness, stress, or poisoning, understanding the root cause is crucial.

If your dog shows signs of dehydration, lethargy, or persistent lack of appetite, it’s best to seek veterinary help to prevent further complications.

By addressing the issue early, you can ensure your dog stays healthy and happy.