If your dog has begun experiencing episodes like seizures during the night, it can be frightening to witness and deeply concerning for any pet owner.
Old dog seizures at night are not uncommon, and they can be a symptom of a variety of health issues ranging from neurological disorders to organ dysfunction.
While occasional twitching in sleep may be harmless, recurring night-time seizures in senior dogs need to be investigated to rule out serious underlying health conditions.
We outline the common causes of old dog seizures at night, the signs to watch for, and when it’s time to seek veterinary help. We’ll also discuss steps you can take to ensure your dog receives the care and comfort they need.
Here’s why old dog seizures at night happen
Old dog seizures at night often happen due to age-related neurological changes, underlying medical conditions, or metabolic imbalances. As dogs age, their brain function can deteriorate, leading to conditions like canine cognitive dysfunction or brain tumors that disrupt normal brain activity.
Additionally, issues such as liver or kidney disease, low blood sugar, toxin exposure, or side effects from medications can all trigger seizures, particularly during rest when the body is in a relaxed state.
These episodes are more noticeable at night due to the quiet environment, making involuntary movements and unusual behaviors stand out.
Common causes of old dog seizures at night
Brain tumors or neurological disorders
As dogs age, the likelihood of developing brain-related issues increases.
One of the leading causes of old dog seizures at night is a brain tumor or other neurological conditions.
These tumors can cause pressure on the brain, leading to misfiring neurons and seizures.
Night-time seizures are often the result of the dog’s body being in a relaxed state, which can make them more vulnerable to abnormal electrical activity.
Additionally, age-related degeneration of the brain, similar to dementia in humans, can also trigger seizures in older dogs.
Liver disease or hepatic encephalopathy
The liver plays a critical role in detoxifying the body. In older dogs, liver function can decline, leading to a buildup of toxins in the bloodstream.
These toxins may affect the brain, causing a condition called hepatic encephalopathy, which can lead to confusion, disorientation, and seizures—especially during periods of rest like at night.
If your senior dog has been vomiting, showing signs of jaundice, or has a swollen abdomen along with old dog seizures at night, liver disease may be a root cause.
Related: Old dog diarrhea and shaking (Causes and treatment)
Kidney failure
Chronic kidney disease is common in aging dogs.
When the kidneys fail to filter waste effectively, toxins accumulate in the bloodstream.
This condition, known as uremia, can affect the nervous system and lead to old dog seizures at night.
Symptoms accompanying kidney-related seizures may include increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, lethargy, and foul-smelling breath.
Hypoglycemia
A sudden drop in blood sugar levels—known as hypoglycemia—can lead to seizures.
This is more common in dogs with diabetes or those taking insulin.
During the night, your dog’s blood sugar may naturally dip, triggering old dog seizures at night especially if their last meal was early or if their metabolism is slowing down.
Weakness, unsteadiness, and disorientation during the day could also be signs of low blood sugar.
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Canine cognitive dysfunction (dog dementia)
Just as humans can develop Alzheimer’s or dementia, senior dogs can suffer from canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD).
Dogs with CCD may show symptoms like confusion, disrupted sleep cycles, restlessness at night, and sometimes old dog seizures at night due to degeneration of brain cells.
You might also observe pacing, whining, or staring into space, particularly in the evening or overnight hours.
Toxin exposure
Even older dogs who typically stay indoors can accidentally ingest harmful substances.
Toxins such as chocolate, xylitol (in sugar-free gum), certain plants, or human medications can induce seizures.
Toxin-related old dog seizures at night might be accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, or extreme drooling.
Immediate attention is crucial if poisoning is suspected.
Medication side effects
Some medications prescribed for common senior dog conditions (like arthritis or heart disease) can have neurological side effects.
Drugs like corticosteroids, certain antibiotics, or flea medications can sometimes lead to old dog seizures at night, particularly if the dog’s liver or kidneys are compromised and can’t metabolize drugs efficiently.
Always consult your veterinarian if your dog starts showing new symptoms after a medication change.
Related: Old dog diarrhea and shaking (Causes and Solutions)
How to recognize seizures in old dogs at night
Because these episodes often occur while everyone is asleep, it can be difficult to recognize that old dog seizures at night are happening.
Here are some signs to watch for:
Sudden jerking or paddling of the legs
Uncontrolled drooling or frothing at the mouth
Loss of bladder or bowel control during sleep
Vocalizations like barking, howling, or whining
Confusion or disorientation upon waking
Excessive drowsiness or lethargy the next morning
If you suspect your dog is having seizures at night, try recording the episode for your veterinarian to review.
What to do if your dog has seizures at night
If your dog has experienced one or more old dog seizures at night, it’s important to take the situation seriously but remain calm.
Not all seizures are life-threatening, but recurrent or prolonged seizures require professional evaluation.
Keep a seizure diary
Note the date, time, duration, and behavior before and after the seizure.
This helps your veterinarian identify patterns and potential triggers.
Make the environment safe
If you notice your dog is having a seizure during the night, gently move objects away that could cause harm.
Do not try to hold your dog or open their mouth. Turn off lights and sounds to reduce stimulation.
Visit the veterinarian
Any seizure, especially old dog seizures at night, should be discussed with your vet.
Diagnostic tests such as blood work, urinalysis, or imaging (MRI/CT scan) may be needed to identify the cause.
Your vet may recommend medications such as anti-seizure drugs (e.g., phenobarbital or potassium bromide), especially if the seizures are frequent.
Monitor other health symptoms
Be alert to signs like vomiting, loss of coordination, excessive thirst or urination, or loss of appetite.
These may help pinpoint whether the seizures are linked to another medical issue like kidney or liver disease.
When to seek emergency care
Some situations involving old dog seizures at night warrant immediate emergency care:
Seizures lasting more than 3–5 minutes (status epilepticus)
Multiple seizures within a short time (cluster seizures)
Signs of poisoning
Severe disorientation or inability to walk after the seizure
Your dog doesn’t regain consciousness after the episode
In these cases, contact your emergency vet clinic immediately.
Time is critical in preventing brain damage or other complications.
Managing and preventing future night-time seizures in senior dogs
While some causes of old dog seizures at night are unpreventable due to age-related decline, there are steps you can take to reduce the frequency and improve quality of life:
Maintain a consistent feeding and medication schedule
Provide a calm and quiet sleeping environment
Minimize exposure to toxins and monitor all medications
Keep your dog hydrated and well-nourished
Use orthopedic or memory foam beds for comfort
Regular vet checkups, especially as your dog enters their senior years
Dogs with recurring seizures may be placed on long-term medication, and while side effects can occur, most dogs tolerate them well and enjoy a good quality of life with proper management.
Key takeaway
Old dog seizures at night can stem from various causes including brain tumors, liver or kidney disease, toxin exposure, or even stress.
While a single mild seizure may not indicate a critical problem, recurrent or intense seizures—especially at night when your dog is vulnerable—should not be ignored.
Monitoring your dog’s behavior, working closely with your veterinarian, and creating a safe and stable environment can go a long way in managing this condition.
With timely care, many senior dogs can continue to enjoy happy, comfortable lives even with occasional night-time seizures.